Auxiliary Materials for Composites
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Reinforcement Materials
Product Technical Information
You can find detailed information about Poliya products at the online documents section or you can simply click the following items for information about the items on this page
Reinforcement Materials
Composites are made up of individual materials referred to as
constituent materials. There are two categories of constituent materials:
matrix (polyester, vinyl ester or epoxy resin) and reinforcement.
The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement materials
by maintaining their relative positions.
constituent materials. There are two categories of constituent materials:
matrix (polyester, vinyl ester or epoxy resin) and reinforcement.
The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement materials
by maintaining their relative positions.
The reinforcements impart their special mechanical and physical
properties to enhance the matrix properties.
properties to enhance the matrix properties.
A synergism produces material properties unavailable
from the individual constituent materials, while the wide
variety of matrix and strengthening materials allows the
designer of the product or structure to choose an optimum
combination.
from the individual constituent materials, while the wide
variety of matrix and strengthening materials allows the
designer of the product or structure to choose an optimum
combination.
Fiberglass
Chopped Strand Mat
Emulsion or Powder Bond
Chopped Strand Mat
Emulsion or Powder Bond
300gr/m² 47 kg/Roll*
450gr/m² 52 kg/Roll*
600gr/m² 61 kg/Roll*
450gr/m² 52 kg/Roll*
600gr/m² 61 kg/Roll*
CSM is the most widely used polyester and vinyl ester resin reinforcement for hand lay up. Strands of glass fiber are held together by an emulsion or powder binder to form a mat. Polyester resin dissolves the binder allowing the fibers to follow the mold contours. A typical FRP structure would contain approx. 2.5 kg resin to 1 kg CSM. CSM is not recommended to reinforce epoxy systems due to chemical incompatibility of the binder.
Glass
Woven Roving
C or E-glass
Woven Roving
C or E-glass
300gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
500gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
800gr/m² 42 kg/Roll*
500gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
800gr/m² 42 kg/Roll*
Woven Roving is used in laminating large fiberglass parts where an inexpensive, high impact, high strength reinforcement is required. It is not twisted and easier to wet out and drapes fairly well. As it cost less than fabric it is often used for boats and tanks in conjunction with CSM as a simple means of adding bulk to increase stiffness. A typical laminate use approx. 1 kg resin to 1 kg FWR. *measurements are estimated
Fiberglass
Roving
2400 TEX
Roving
2400 TEX
16 kg/Roll
Direct roving is produced directly from tips bushing by directly winding a certain number of fiber without twist. It is compatible with polyester and vinyl ester. It’s used for spray-up, filament winding and pultrusion processes or weaving.
Fiberglass
Surface Tissue
Surface Tissue
250 mt/Roll
This material is a thin fiberglass fabric which is used between the gelcoat and the reinforcing materials. Surface mat is manufactured similar in appearance to the chopped strand mat but is much finer. This surfacing veil prevents the weave patterns from bleeding through and becoming visible in the gelcoat. Also it is used to provide a resin-rich layer in liquid or chemical holding tanks, or reinforcement for layers of gelcoat.
Chopped Fiberglass
Strands
Strands
20 kg/Bag
Chopped strands are glass fiber strands that can be mixed to resin or concrete to make a dough like mixture which is extremely strong.
This coarse mixture is used to strengthen castings and reinforce fillets in difficult to laminate-sharp internal corners and other areas.
Ground Fiberglass
Milled powder
Milled powder
20 kg/Bag
Fiberglass grinds when mixed with resin or any body filler will improve the strength, heat resistance and reduce shrinkage. It's silane coated for good compatibility with polyesters, vinylester and epoxy. It can be mixed with vinyl ester resin to create chemical and corrosion resistant repair putty.
RTM and L-RTM
Stich-bonded RTM Fabric
Stich-bonded RTM Fabric
300/PP18/300 49-54 kg/Roll*
450/PP3/450 52 kg/Roll
600/PP25/600 61 kg/Roll
450/PP3/450 52 kg/Roll
600/PP25/600 61 kg/Roll
Reinforcement complex, consists of a resin liner core, sandwiched between chopped glass fiber, and mechanically stitched together.
It's ideal reinforcement for molding GRP parts using closed mold techniques including RTM, RTM light, low-pressure compression, infusion with builtin resin flow zone.
Customization
Product line consisting of sandwich complexes with any desired core and cover materials for mass production of a wide variety of components.
Product line consisting of sandwich complexes with any desired core and cover materials for mass production of a wide variety of components.
Sandwich complexes
CSM/ stitchbonded fabric (uni-,bidirectional, multiaxial),woven fabric.
CSM/ stitchbonded fabric (uni-,bidirectional, multiaxial),woven fabric.
Resin flow zone
Polypropylene (PP), polyester or glass.
Polypropylene (PP), polyester or glass.
Non-woven Core and Liner
Coremat™ Xi — Standard
Coremat™ Xi — Standard
1mm x 160mt/roll
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
5mm x 30mt/roll
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
5mm x 30mt/roll
The Non-woven core material and print through barrier for hand lay-up and spray-up processes.
Used to improve; weight saving, resin glass saving, stiffness increase, fast thickness build-up and excellent surface finish.
It is a polyester non-woven that contains microspheres and is used as a thin core (bulker mat) or print blocker (liner) in fiber reinforced laminates, manufactured in Hand Lay-Up or Spray-Up processes. It’s compatible with Polyester, Vinylester, Phenolic and Epoxy.
Coremat Xi is the world's standard for bulker mats. A typical bulker mat would contain approx. 600 gram resin per 1mm thickness.
Honeycomb Core
Coremat™ XM — Hexagon
Coremat™ XM — Hexagon
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
10mm x 15mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
10mm x 15mt/roll
Honeycomb core material with the hexagonal cell pattern for very consistent thickness in the product XM has a low resin take up: 500 gram of resin per mm thickness. It is therefore suitable for weight critical applications.
Coremat XM has a very high wet tensile strength; it is therefore often used in applications where mats are pre-wetted outside the mold.
It offers honeycomb structure for excellent drapeablity. A typical XM layer would contain approx. 500 gram resin per 1mm thickness.
Coremat’s Typical uses are
- Marine (hulls, decks, wet cells, superstructures)
- Transportation (cars, trailers, trucks, RV’s; vans, parts and panels)
- Mass Transit (trains, light rail, buses; interior and exterior)
- Leisure (kayaks, surfboards, pools, tubs)
- Industrial (cladding panels, containers, tanks)
- Wind Energy (nacelle covers, housing)
Flexible Core material
with infusion medium
Soric™ SF, XF and TF
with infusion medium
Soric™ SF, XF and TF
SF
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
XF
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
5mm x 30mt/roll
6mm x 25mt/roll
2mm x 80mt/roll
3mm x 50mt/roll
4mm x 40mt/roll
5mm x 30mt/roll
6mm x 25mt/roll
TF
2mm x 80mt/roll
*(127cm wide)
2mm x 80mt/roll
*(127cm wide)
Soric is a polyester non-woven material with a compression resistant hexagonal (XF, SF, LRC) or random dot-printed (TF) cell structure. These pressure-resistant cells, which are separated by channels, contain synthetic micro-spheres.
Soric SF
Soric SF is the general purpose grade, balancing resin flow and surface quality. Soric SF is therefore especially suitable for thinner laminates.
Soric SF is the general purpose grade, balancing resin flow and surface quality. Soric SF is therefore especially suitable for thinner laminates.
Soric XF
Soric XF maximizes weight reduction in structural core applications. Soric XF offers the fastest resin flow for the lowest resin consumption, and is therefore ideal for thicker laminates.
Soric XF maximizes weight reduction in structural core applications. Soric XF offers the fastest resin flow for the lowest resin consumption, and is therefore ideal for thicker laminates.
Soric TF
Soric TF is the ideal product for the most demanding cosmetic and surface finish requirements. Soric TF can be used as a core, but is most often used as a print blocker in infused laminates.
Soric TF is the ideal product for the most demanding cosmetic and surface finish requirements. Soric TF can be used as a core, but is most often used as a print blocker in infused laminates.
The cells do not absorb resin and therefore limit the total resin up-take. Since these cells are pressure resistant, they create thickness in the laminate even when pressure is applied by vacuum bag. The channels facilitate resin flow and form a pattern of cured resin with good mechanical properties and excellent bonding to the outer skins.
- Thin core (bulker), adding stiffness, while reducing weight
- Inter-laminar resin flow medium, eliminating the need for other (disposable) flow media
- Mass Transit (trains, light rail, buses; interior and exterior)
- Print blocker (liner), that meets the most demanding cosmetic and finish requirements.
Multiaxial and Specialty
Reinforcement Materials
Woven and Stitch-bonded (NCF - Non Crimp Fabrics)
Reinforcement Materials
Woven and Stitch-bonded (NCF - Non Crimp Fabrics)
Generally fabric type reinforcement surfaces can be categorized into two groups woven and stictchbonded (NCF) fabrics. The fundamental difference between two type is woven fabrics have weave formation and NCF does not. This makes it possible for NCF’s to ideally transmit the forces that arise in the stress direction using targeted fiber alignment. This makes reduced component weight despite identical mechanical values or higher loads for the same component weight compared to standard reinforcement textiles (woven fabric, etc.) possible.
Mechanical Performance
of Fibers At-A-Glance
of Fibers At-A-Glance
Fibers used in reinforcement fabrics has different mechanical properties and cost. Glass is the most common used fabric with moderate strength. Kevlar and Carbon fiber has higher strength respectively but they can only be used with vinyl ester or epoxy resin systems.
*measurements are estimated to provide an approximate idea. Specific reinforcement product specifications should be referred before calculating composites kinetic and static design.
Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics typically uses bidirectional weaves 0 and 90 degrees, there are several weave types most common ones are plain and twill.
Fiber woven fabrics are made up of
- Fiberglass
- Aramid (Kevlar)
- Carbon fiber
- Hybrid combinations such as Carbon/Aramid or Aramid/Glass.
According to physical requirements of the product: glass, aramid and carbon fiber woven fabrics widely used in boat parts, hulls, decks, kayaks, surfboards, tanks, etc.
Glass Woven Fabric
E-glass
E-glass
300gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
500gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
800gr/m² 42 kg/Roll*
500gr/m² 40 kg/Roll*
800gr/m² 42 kg/Roll*
Woven Roving is used in laminating large fiberglass parts where an inexpensive, high impact, high strength reinforcement is required. It is not twisted and easier to wet out and drapes fairly well. As it cost less than fabric it is often used for boats and tanks in conjunction with CSM as a simple means of adding bulk to increase stiffness. A typical laminate use approx. 1 kg resin to 1 kg FWR. *measurements are estimated
Woven Aramid Fabric
Plain Weave
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
Twill Weave
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
Hybrid Carbon Aramid
Twill Weave
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
*1 mt wide
Twill Weave
175gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
*1 mt wide
A High performance reinforcement giving a better strength to weight ratio than glass fiber. It exhibits high abrasion resistance. It can reduce weight up to 40% compared to glass. Polyester resins can be used but for better performance vinylester or epoxy resin should be used.
Woven Carbon Fabric
Plain Weave 3K
200gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
200gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
Twill Weave 3K, 2 x 2
200gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
*1 mt wide
200gr/m² 10 mt/Roll*
*1 mt wide
Both plain and twill weave carbon fabric delivers cosmetic appearance and widely used in modern composite parts including automotive, R/C and similar applications. It is compatible with vinylester and epoxy resins.
*measurements are estimated
*measurements are estimated
Stitch-bonded
NCF - Non Crimp Fabrics
NCF - Non Crimp Fabrics
The reinforcing surfaces are produced as stitch-bonded materials with zero elongation made of unbent fiber systems, the so-called Non Crimp Fabrics (NCFs). This makes it possible to introduce existing strengths of the fibre material directly into the end product and, thus, to achieve improved durability for the material compared to conventional processes such as with woven fabrics. A further advantage is the possibility of producing multiaxial layers with a quasi-isotropic structure.
Stitchbonded Fabrics vs. Woven Fabrics
Composite components of Non Crimp Fabrics (NCFs) make it possible to ideally transmit the forces that arise in the stress direction using targeted fiber alignment. This makes reduced component weight despite identical mechanical values or higher loads for the same component weight compared to standard reinforcement textiles (woven fabric, etc.) possible.
The basic properties of composites are dependent here on
- Fiber type (glass, aramide, carbon)
- The matrix system
- The proportion of the fiber in the component
Once the component requirements are determined fiber orientation and the associated inter-laid complexes dimensioning can be so chosen as to greatly influence component properties. The reinforcement textile is a major factor. Multiaxial interlaid complexes of variable alignment and layer arrangement always has the highest mechanical characteristic values.
Compared to crimped fabrics as in e.g. woven textiles straight fibers have greater load capacity. The individual layer angularity is variable and makes force assumption in the component optimally adapted to the individual case. This gives designer two options by comparison with woven textiles: Higher mechanical characteristic values for the same weight Lower weight and less reinforcement material for the same mechanical characteristic value.
